PENGARUH PARITAS DENGAN KEJADIAN STRESS PSIKOLOGI IBU MENYUSUI MINGGU PERTAMA POST PARTUM DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19

aprilia nurtika sari; Nining Istighosah

doi:10.35890/jkdh.v11i1.252

aprilia nurtika sari Akademi Kebidanan Dharma Husada Kediri
Nining Istighosah Akademi Kebidanan Dharma Husada Kediri

DOI: https://doi.org/10.35890/jkdh.v11i1.252

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Keywords: paritas, post partum, pandemic covid-19, kejadian stress psikologi

Abstract

Pandemic covid-19 adalah pengalaman traumatis secara global yang dialami oleh hampir seluruh warga di dunia pada awal 2019 sampai 2020 terutama bagi kelompok dengan sensivitas tinggi yaitu ibu masa kehamilan sampai dengan menyusui. Stress yang dialami oleh ibu masa post partum dapat memengaruhi kesejahteraan bayi baru lahir . Stress dan kecemasan ini terkait dengan penurunan aktifitas social akibat pembatasan kegiatan fisik yang merupakan kebijakan pemerintah di seluruh dunia dalam rangka memutus mata rantai penyebaran covid-19.

Pada masa nifas khususnya minggu pertama post partum terjadi banyak perubahan fisik dan psikologis pada ibu. Peran baru sebagai seorang ibu yang memutuskan apakah ibu akan memberikan ASI kepada bayinya ataupun tidak sangat dipengaruhi oleh kondisi dan pengalaman ibu pada saat melahirkan. Rasa nyeri akibat proses persalinan dan kelelahan dapat memengaruhi perubahan psikologi ibu dalam merawat bayinya. Kondisi ini jika dibiarkan akan menimbulkan gangguan kecemasan meliputi perasaan takut, tidak nyaman dan merasa tidak ada dukungan dari keluarga maupun tenaga kesehatan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh paritas terhadap tingkat kecemasan ibu post partum pada masa awal nifas ( 2 minggu post partum ).

Subjek dan Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional . Sampel pada penelitian ini adalah 30 ibu post partum yang melahirkan secara spontan di wilayah kabupaten Kediri. Pemilihan sampel menggunakan teknik purposive sampling dengan kriteria responden yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan bersedia dilakukan kunjungan rumah dan menandatangani surat persetujuan responden karena situasi pandemic. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Agustus 2020. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner PSS untuk skala stress psikologi .Uji statistic menggunakan Chi square test untuk mengetahui pengaruh paritas terhadap kejadian stress psikologi ibu didapatkan nilai p value 0,001 yang berarti lebih kecil dari alpha (0,05) . Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah adanya pengaruh yang significant antara paritas dengan kejadian stress psikologi ibu menyusui pada minggu pertama post partum masa pandemic covid-19.

The COVID-19 pandemic is a global traumatic experience experienced by almost all citizens in the world in early 2019 to 2020, especially for groups with high sensitivity, namely mothers during pregnancy to breastfeeding. Stress experienced by post partum mothers can affect the welfare of newborns. This stress and anxiety is related to the decline in social activities due to restrictions on physical activities which are government policies around the world in order to break the chain of the spread of COVID-19.

During the puerperium, especially the first week of postpartum, there are many physical and psychological changes in the mother. The new role as a mother who decides whether the mother will breastfeed her baby or not is strongly influenced by the conditions and experiences of the mother at the time of delivery. Pain due to labor and fatigue can affect the psychological changes of mothers in caring for their babies. This condition if left unchecked will cause anxiety disorders including feelings of fear, discomfort and feeling that there is no support from family and health workers. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of parity on the anxiety level of postpartum mothers in the early postpartum period (2 weeks postpartum).

Subjects and Methods: This study used an analytical design with a cross sectional approach. The sample in this study were 30 postpartum mothers who gave birth spontaneously in the Kediri district. The sample selection used a purposive sampling technique with the criteria of respondents who met the inclusion criteria and were willing to make a home visit and sign the respondent's approval letter due to the pandemic situation. The study was carried out in August 2020. Data collection using the PSS questionnaire for the psychological stress scale. Statistical testing using the Chi square test to determine the effect of parity on maternal anxiety levels obtained a p value of 0.001 which means it is lower than alpha (0.05) .The conclusion of this study is that there is a significant effect between parity and the anxiety of breastfeeding mothers in the first week of post partum during the COVID-19 pandemic

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