Perilaku Caring Perawat terhadap Peningkatan Kesejahteraan Psikologis Lansia di Pondok Lansia Al Islah Malang
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https://doi.org/10.35890/jkdh.v13i01.334
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Keywords:
perilaku caring, kesejahteraan psikologis, lansia, perawat
Abstract
Lansia merupakan kelompok masyarakat yang rentan mengalami perubahan dalam segi fisik dan psikologis, dan salah satu masalah yang sering dialami oleh lansia adalah kesepian dan isolasi sosial. Menurut laporan World Health Organization lebih dari 20% lansia di seluruh dunia mengalami kesepian dan hal ini dapat berdampak buruk pada kesejahteraan psikologis mereka. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisa pengaruh antara perawatan penerapan caring terhadap peningkatan kesejahteraan psikologis lansia dengan perlakuan pemberian pelatihan terlebih dahulu. Desain penelitian adalah pra eksperimen one group pre-post-test desaign dengan jumlah populasi 29 lansia dipondok lansia Al Ishlah Malang, pendekatan total sampling. Kreteria respoden adalah bersedia dilakukan penelitian, mampu komunikasi dengan jelas, bersedia diteliti: menandatangai informed consent. Variable independent perilaku caring perawat dan variabel dependent adalah kesejahteraan psikososial lansia. Instrument kuesioner Scale of Psychological well-being (SPWB) disusun Ryff (1989). Dilaksanakan pre-test diberikan pelatihan perilaku caring kemudian melaksanakan pelayanan langsung pada lansia sesuai standar perilaku caring yang diinginkan dan pada akhir minggu kedua dilakukan post-test. Skala data numerik rasio di lakukan uji nurmalitas One-Sample menggunakan Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test, dan uji pengaruh mengunakan uji anova yaitu Analysis of Varian untuk menguji perbedaan mean (rata-rata) pada data pretest dan pos test dengan bantuan aplikasi SPSS. Hasil, pemberian perilaku caring memberikan pengaruh terhadap kesejahteraan psikologis lansia diPondok Al-Islah dengan nilai signifikansi adalah 0.000, yaitu skor alpha kurang dari 0.05, dengan tingkat pengaruhnya sangat kuat. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa perilaku caring dapat memberikan dampak positif terhadap kesejahteraan psikologis. Oleh karena itu penting bagi staf perawat dan orang-orang di sekitar lansia untuk terus menerapkan perilaku caring yang semakin baik, untuk membantu meningkatkan kesejahteraan psikologis mereka.
References
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Barua, A., & Ghosh, M. K. (2016). Caregiver burden and coping strategies in caring for patients with dementia. Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice, 7(4), 526-531.
Boykin, A., & Schoenhofer, S. O. (1993). Nursing as caring: A model for transforming practice. National League for Nursing Press. Buku ini membahas tentang model keperawatan berdasarkan konsep caring yang melibatkan perhatian pada aspek-aspek emosional dan spiritual dari pasien.
Brownie, S., & Horstmanshof, L. (2012). Creating optimal healing environments for older adults. Holistic nursing practice, 26(6), 318-324.
Brownie, S., & Horstmanshof, L. (2014). The role of caregiver depression in the relationship between falls and restrictions in social participation among older people. Archives of gerontology and geriatrics, 59(2), 364-369.
Curyto, K. J., Van Haitsma, K. S., & Towsley, G. L. (2016). Relationship between nursing home staff sense of purpose and care quality for residents with dementia. Dementia, 15(5), 1195-1210.
Damodar, H., & Paul, A. (2015). Elderly care in India: A perspective. Journal of geriatric care and research, 2(2), 75-79.
Del-Pino-Casado, R., Frías-Osuna, A., Palomino-Moral, P. A., & Pancorbo-Hidalgo, P. L. (2011). Fear of falling in older adults and its relationship with functional independence and quality of life: A cross-sectional study. Journal of nursing scholarship, 43(4), 358-365.
Dilworth-Anderson, P., Williams, S. W., & Gibson, B. E. (2002). Issues of race, ethnicity, and culture in caregiving research: A 20-year review (1980-2000). The Gerontologist, 42(2), 237-272.
Edvardsson, D., Fetherstonhaugh, D., & Nay, R. (2010). Promoting a continuation of self and normality: person‐centred care as described by people with dementia, their family members and aged care staff. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 19(17‐18), 2611-2618. Artikel ini membahas tentang pentingnya perilaku caring dalam praktik keperawatan, terutama dalam merawat orang dengan demensia.
Eriksson, K., & Lindström, B. (2006). Validity of Antonovsky's sense of coherence scale: a systematic review. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 60(5), 376-381. Artikel ini membahas tentang pentingnya rasa koherensi (sense of coherence) dalam meningkatkan kesejahteraan psikologis lansia, dan peran perilaku caring dalam membantu menciptakan rasa koherensi tersebut.
Fakoya, O. A., & McCorry, N. K. (2017). The lived experience of older adults in long-term care facilities: A systematic review of qualitative studies. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 32(11), 1191-1205.
Fenton, M. (2003). ‘A little bit of heaven’: the role of nursing in promoting well‐being in older people. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 44(1), 45-53. Artikel ini membahas tentang pentingnya peran perawat dalam meningkatkan kesejahteraan psikologis lansia melalui perilaku caring yang terfokus pada penghargaan terhadap pasien dan memberikan dukungan sosial yang positif.
Fenton, M. V. (2003). Caring behaviors of nursing home staff: a literature review. Journal of gerontological nursing, 29(9), 46-53.
Hupcey, J. E. (2000). Clarifying the social support theory–research linkage. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 32(6), 1416-1427. Artikel ini membahas tentang pentingnya dukungan sosial bagi kesejahteraan psikologis lansia, termasuk peran perilaku caring dalam meningkatkan dukungan sosial tersebut.
Kementerian Kesehatan RI. (2021). Profil Kesehatan Indonesia Tahun 2020. Kementerian Kesehatan RI.
Kim, H. K., Lee, K. S., Lee, H. K., & Kim, J. H. (2015). The effects of family caregivers' positive psychological capital on caregiving burden in the context of dementia. Stress and Health, 31(2), 95-105.
Kim, H., & Chang, M. (2017). Factors influencing caregiver burden in caregivers of elderly patients with dementia. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 73(11), 2607-2618.
Kim, H., & Jeong, J. S. (2018). The impact of nurse’s caring behavior on patient satisfaction, psychological well-being, and physical health. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration, 24(3), 227-236.
Kim, J. H., Kim, J., Kim, M. J., & Kim, Y. H. (2018). The effectiveness of an integrated care model for the frail elderly: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing, 48(1), 1-17.
Kim, J., & Jeong, H. (2018). Relationship between nursing care quality, patient satisfaction, and clinical outcomes. Journal of Nursing Care Quality, 33(1), 65-71. Artikel ini membahas tentang pentingnya kualitas perawatan dan perilaku caring dalam meningkatkan kepuasan pasien, yang berdampak pada kesejahteraan psikologis dan fisik lansia.
Kusnanto, K., & Agustiningsih, S. (2020). Caring behavior: A systematic review. Enfermería Clínica, 30, 17-20.
Liang, J., Krause, N. M., & Bennett, J. M. (2011). Social exchange and well-being: Is giving better than receiving? Psychology and Aging, 26(2), 259-267.
Liao, J., Wu, C., Wang, T., & Huang, C. (2017). A randomized controlled trial of the effect of music therapy and verbal relaxation on chemotherapy-induced anxiety. Journal of clinical nursing, 26(5-6), 624-631.
Luchetti, M., Terracciano, A., Stephan, Y., & Sutin, A. R. (2020). Loneliness is associated with risk of cognitive impairment in the Health and Retirement Study. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, 75(7), e141-e146.
Marziali, E., & Garcia, L. J. (2011). Dementia caregivers' responses to 2 Internet-based intervention programs. American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease & Other Dementias®, 26(1), 36-43.
Mayeroff, M. (1990). On caring. HarperCollins Publishers. Buku ini membahas tentang konsep caring secara filosofis, dengan membahas elemen-elemen yang terkait seperti perhatian, tanggung jawab, pengabdian, dan kepedulian.
Nurjanah, S., & Rahayu, S. (2019). Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kesejahteraan Psikologis pada Lansia. Jurnal Ilmiah Kesejahteraan Sosial, 12(1), 35-43.
Peterson, N. A., & Lowe, J. B. (2019). Toward a better understanding of caregiver burden: The role of caregiving circumstances, psychological distress, and coping strategies. Journal of gerontological social work, 62(4), 409-424.
Rokhman, M., & Santoso, B. (2020). Caring Behavior dan Kesejahteraan Psikologis pada Lansia. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat, 16(1), 74-83.
Savundranayagam, M. Y., & Montgomery, R. J. V. (2010). Impact of positive and negative caregiver behaviors on elderly spouse well-being: A longitudinal analysis. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 65(6), 782-789.
Schulz, R., & Sherwood, P. R. (2008). Physical and mental health effects of family caregiving. American Journal of Nursing, 108(9 Suppl), 23-27.
Suhita, E., & Dewi, R. P. (2019). The Effect of Caring Behavior of Nurses on Elderly Psychological Well-Being in a Hospital in Yogyakarta. Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, 10(6), 348-352.
Swanson, K. M. (1991). Empirical development of a middle range theory of caring. Nursing Research, 40(3), 161-166. Artikel ini membahas tentang pengembangan teori caring berdasarkan hasil penelitian empiris yang terkait dengan konsep caring dalam praktik keperawatan.
Tariq, S., & Khan, M. A. (2020). Caring behavior of nurses and its impact on psychological well-being of elderly patients. International Journal of Nursing and Health Care Research, 3(3), 41-46.
Utami, R. S., & Jannah, M. (2021). Peran Keluarga dalam Meningkatkan Kesejahteraan Psikologis Lansia. Jurnal Ilmiah Kesejahteraan Sosial, 14(1), 1-7.
Watson, J. (2008). Nursing: The philosophy and science of caring. University Press of Colorado. Buku ini memberikan pemahaman yang mendalam tentang konsep caring, termasuk definisi, konsep dasar, dan aplikasi dalam praktik keperawatan.
Wong, J. G., Cheung, E. P., Chen, A. Y., & Chan, R. C. (2017). The psychological impact of caring for a person with dementia: A systematic review. Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica, 135(1), 4-14.
World Health Organization. (2015). World Report on Ageing and Health. WHO Press.
World Health Organization. (2015). World report on ageing and health. Geneva: World Health Organization.
World Health Organization. (2017). Global strategy and action plan on ageing and health. Geneva: World Health Organization.
Yu, H. J., & Kuo, L. M. (2015). Loneliness and Health-Related Quality of Life for the Empty Nest Elderly in the Rural Area of a Mountainous County in Taiwan. Journal of nursing research, 23(1), 63-72.
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2008). Hedonia, eudaimonia, and well-being: An introduction. Journal of Happiness Studies, 9(1), 1-11. Journal of Happiness Studies volume 9, pages1–11 (2008)
Baltes, P. B., & Baltes, M. M. (1990). Psychological perspectives on successful aging: The model of selective optimization with compensation. In P. B. Baltes & M. M. Baltes (Eds.), Successful aging: Perspectives from the behavioral sciences (pp. 1-34). Cambridge University Press.
Barua, A., & Ghosh, M. K. (2016). Caregiver burden and coping strategies in caring for patients with dementia. Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice, 7(4), 526-531.
Boykin, A., & Schoenhofer, S. O. (1993). Nursing as caring: A model for transforming practice. National League for Nursing Press. Buku ini membahas tentang model keperawatan berdasarkan konsep caring yang melibatkan perhatian pada aspek-aspek emosional dan spiritual dari pasien.
Brownie, S., & Horstmanshof, L. (2012). Creating optimal healing environments for older adults. Holistic nursing practice, 26(6), 318-324.
Brownie, S., & Horstmanshof, L. (2014). The role of caregiver depression in the relationship between falls and restrictions in social participation among older people. Archives of gerontology and geriatrics, 59(2), 364-369.
Curyto, K. J., Van Haitsma, K. S., & Towsley, G. L. (2016). Relationship between nursing home staff sense of purpose and care quality for residents with dementia. Dementia, 15(5), 1195-1210.
Damodar, H., & Paul, A. (2015). Elderly care in India: A perspective. Journal of geriatric care and research, 2(2), 75-79.
Del-Pino-Casado, R., Frías-Osuna, A., Palomino-Moral, P. A., & Pancorbo-Hidalgo, P. L. (2011). Fear of falling in older adults and its relationship with functional independence and quality of life: A cross-sectional study. Journal of nursing scholarship, 43(4), 358-365.
Dilworth-Anderson, P., Williams, S. W., & Gibson, B. E. (2002). Issues of race, ethnicity, and culture in caregiving research: A 20-year review (1980-2000). The Gerontologist, 42(2), 237-272.
Edvardsson, D., Fetherstonhaugh, D., & Nay, R. (2010). Promoting a continuation of self and normality: person‐centred care as described by people with dementia, their family members and aged care staff. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 19(17‐18), 2611-2618. Artikel ini membahas tentang pentingnya perilaku caring dalam praktik keperawatan, terutama dalam merawat orang dengan demensia.
Eriksson, K., & Lindström, B. (2006). Validity of Antonovsky's sense of coherence scale: a systematic review. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 60(5), 376-381. Artikel ini membahas tentang pentingnya rasa koherensi (sense of coherence) dalam meningkatkan kesejahteraan psikologis lansia, dan peran perilaku caring dalam membantu menciptakan rasa koherensi tersebut.
Fakoya, O. A., & McCorry, N. K. (2017). The lived experience of older adults in long-term care facilities: A systematic review of qualitative studies. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 32(11), 1191-1205.
Fenton, M. (2003). ‘A little bit of heaven’: the role of nursing in promoting well‐being in older people. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 44(1), 45-53. Artikel ini membahas tentang pentingnya peran perawat dalam meningkatkan kesejahteraan psikologis lansia melalui perilaku caring yang terfokus pada penghargaan terhadap pasien dan memberikan dukungan sosial yang positif.
Fenton, M. V. (2003). Caring behaviors of nursing home staff: a literature review. Journal of gerontological nursing, 29(9), 46-53.
Hupcey, J. E. (2000). Clarifying the social support theory–research linkage. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 32(6), 1416-1427. Artikel ini membahas tentang pentingnya dukungan sosial bagi kesejahteraan psikologis lansia, termasuk peran perilaku caring dalam meningkatkan dukungan sosial tersebut.
Kementerian Kesehatan RI. (2021). Profil Kesehatan Indonesia Tahun 2020. Kementerian Kesehatan RI.
Kim, H. K., Lee, K. S., Lee, H. K., & Kim, J. H. (2015). The effects of family caregivers' positive psychological capital on caregiving burden in the context of dementia. Stress and Health, 31(2), 95-105.
Kim, H., & Chang, M. (2017). Factors influencing caregiver burden in caregivers of elderly patients with dementia. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 73(11), 2607-2618.
Kim, H., & Jeong, J. S. (2018). The impact of nurse’s caring behavior on patient satisfaction, psychological well-being, and physical health. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration, 24(3), 227-236.
Kim, J. H., Kim, J., Kim, M. J., & Kim, Y. H. (2018). The effectiveness of an integrated care model for the frail elderly: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing, 48(1), 1-17.
Kim, J., & Jeong, H. (2018). Relationship between nursing care quality, patient satisfaction, and clinical outcomes. Journal of Nursing Care Quality, 33(1), 65-71. Artikel ini membahas tentang pentingnya kualitas perawatan dan perilaku caring dalam meningkatkan kepuasan pasien, yang berdampak pada kesejahteraan psikologis dan fisik lansia.
Kusnanto, K., & Agustiningsih, S. (2020). Caring behavior: A systematic review. Enfermería Clínica, 30, 17-20.
Liang, J., Krause, N. M., & Bennett, J. M. (2011). Social exchange and well-being: Is giving better than receiving? Psychology and Aging, 26(2), 259-267.
Liao, J., Wu, C., Wang, T., & Huang, C. (2017). A randomized controlled trial of the effect of music therapy and verbal relaxation on chemotherapy-induced anxiety. Journal of clinical nursing, 26(5-6), 624-631.
Luchetti, M., Terracciano, A., Stephan, Y., & Sutin, A. R. (2020). Loneliness is associated with risk of cognitive impairment in the Health and Retirement Study. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, 75(7), e141-e146.
Marziali, E., & Garcia, L. J. (2011). Dementia caregivers' responses to 2 Internet-based intervention programs. American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease & Other Dementias®, 26(1), 36-43.
Mayeroff, M. (1990). On caring. HarperCollins Publishers. Buku ini membahas tentang konsep caring secara filosofis, dengan membahas elemen-elemen yang terkait seperti perhatian, tanggung jawab, pengabdian, dan kepedulian.
Nurjanah, S., & Rahayu, S. (2019). Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kesejahteraan Psikologis pada Lansia. Jurnal Ilmiah Kesejahteraan Sosial, 12(1), 35-43.
Peterson, N. A., & Lowe, J. B. (2019). Toward a better understanding of caregiver burden: The role of caregiving circumstances, psychological distress, and coping strategies. Journal of gerontological social work, 62(4), 409-424.
Rokhman, M., & Santoso, B. (2020). Caring Behavior dan Kesejahteraan Psikologis pada Lansia. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat, 16(1), 74-83.
Savundranayagam, M. Y., & Montgomery, R. J. V. (2010). Impact of positive and negative caregiver behaviors on elderly spouse well-being: A longitudinal analysis. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 65(6), 782-789.
Schulz, R., & Sherwood, P. R. (2008). Physical and mental health effects of family caregiving. American Journal of Nursing, 108(9 Suppl), 23-27.
Suhita, E., & Dewi, R. P. (2019). The Effect of Caring Behavior of Nurses on Elderly Psychological Well-Being in a Hospital in Yogyakarta. Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, 10(6), 348-352.
Swanson, K. M. (1991). Empirical development of a middle range theory of caring. Nursing Research, 40(3), 161-166. Artikel ini membahas tentang pengembangan teori caring berdasarkan hasil penelitian empiris yang terkait dengan konsep caring dalam praktik keperawatan.
Tariq, S., & Khan, M. A. (2020). Caring behavior of nurses and its impact on psychological well-being of elderly patients. International Journal of Nursing and Health Care Research, 3(3), 41-46.
Utami, R. S., & Jannah, M. (2021). Peran Keluarga dalam Meningkatkan Kesejahteraan Psikologis Lansia. Jurnal Ilmiah Kesejahteraan Sosial, 14(1), 1-7.
Watson, J. (2008). Nursing: The philosophy and science of caring. University Press of Colorado. Buku ini memberikan pemahaman yang mendalam tentang konsep caring, termasuk definisi, konsep dasar, dan aplikasi dalam praktik keperawatan.
Wong, J. G., Cheung, E. P., Chen, A. Y., & Chan, R. C. (2017). The psychological impact of caring for a person with dementia: A systematic review. Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica, 135(1), 4-14.
World Health Organization. (2015). World Report on Ageing and Health. WHO Press.
World Health Organization. (2015). World report on ageing and health. Geneva: World Health Organization.
World Health Organization. (2017). Global strategy and action plan on ageing and health. Geneva: World Health Organization.
Yu, H. J., & Kuo, L. M. (2015). Loneliness and Health-Related Quality of Life for the Empty Nest Elderly in the Rural Area of a Mountainous County in Taiwan. Journal of nursing research, 23(1), 63-72.
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2008). Hedonia, eudaimonia, and well-being: An introduction. Journal of Happiness Studies, 9(1), 1-11. Journal of Happiness Studies volume 9, pages1–11 (2008)
Published
2024-05-04
How to Cite
ZakariaA., ZakariaA., NurmayunitaH., & RinawatiF. (2024). Perilaku Caring Perawat terhadap Peningkatan Kesejahteraan Psikologis Lansia di Pondok Lansia Al Islah Malang. JURNAL KEBIDANAN, 13(01), 208 - 217. https://doi.org/10.35890/jkdh.v13i01.334
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